Routes of Exposure

Breathing in contaminated air is the most common way workplace chemicals enter the body. Chemicals may be in the form of gases, vapour, dust or mist. Once chemicals are inhaled, they can enter our lungs and be absorbed into the bloodstream. Different chemicals can then target different organs.

Some chemicals, by direct or indirect contact, can damage the skin and/or eyes or pass through them into the bloodstream. Broken, cut, or cracked skin will allow substances to enter the body more easily. Sometimes rashes can occur, and skin irritations may develop over time through frequent use.

Do you have safety steps and procedures in place at your organisation if someone is exposed to a hazardous substance in their eyes? Timing is everything in such a serious situation, and having eye wash stations, for example, and procedures to assist injured employees is a must.

This route of exposure, where a substance may be ingested through the mouth, is one people often dismiss as something that is highly unlikely. However, workplace chemicals may be swallowed accidentally if hands are contaminated (e.g. smoking cigarettes that have come in contact with a chemical or dirty hands).

Substances can be absorbed into the blood and then transported to the rest of the body. A key method to mitigate such serious safety incidents is to have a workplace policy and culture to wash hands frequently and thoroughly. In addition, staff should be informed of the correct methods for wearing and removing gloves.

Injection can occur when a sharp object (e.g. needle) punctures the skin and injects a chemical directly into the bloodstream. That’s why you should implement safe handling practices for working with sharp objects at your organisation. Don’t forget to communicate the steps employees must take if accidentally pricked or injected by a sharp object to all staff members.